Shoulder pain can develop gradually or suddenly and with or without trauma. It may be associated with stiffness and reduced movement. It may be referred from the neck or due to a problem within the shoulder joint itself or surrounding tissues. Determining the cause can be challenging and frequently requires expert assessment and further investigations.

Knee pain can affect patients of all ages and might be sudden and traumatic or gradual with no apparent cause. Acute and overuse knee injuries are more commonly seen in people who regularly exercise or play sports, ranging from acute traumatic ligament ruptures to tendon wear and tear. Knee joint pain with inflammation can be seen with osteoarthritis, gout and following infections to name just a few causes.

Back and neck pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint and a major cause of work-related sickness. In fact, almost everyone will experience back pain at some point in their lives. It is important that your doctor screens for 'red flag' symptoms and investigates these further to rule out nasty causes of back pain. Back and neck pathology can also refer pain to the arms or legs, even without back or neck pain.

Elbow, wrist and hand pain has a variety of causes, both local and distant. Pain from the neck can be referred lower down the arm causing symptoms at or below the elbow. Pain may also be due to a problem involving the joint itself, such as osteoarthritis of the thumb or an inflammatory arthritis of the wrist. Tendons around the elbow and wrist are also a common source of pain. This can build up over time due to progressive overuse or become inflamed suddenly and severely.

Not all hip or groin pain is arthritis. Equally, this needs to be looked for - especially if there is limited hip movement or a history of childhood hip problems. Its also not unusual for there to be many co-existing problems causing your hip pain by the time you seek help. Unpicking the root cause can therefore be a challenge. Scans are generally needed but even these may not tell the whole story and must be carefully evaluated alongside a thorough clinical evaluation.

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